Lynn Chadwick
린 채드윅(1914-2003)
Information
Lynn Russell Chadwick was born in London on 24 November 1914. After attending the Merchant Taylor School and a stay in France, Chadwick worked for several London architect's practices between 1933 and 1939. At that time he focused on techniques of draughtsmanship and watercolour as well as oil painting.
During the second world war Lynn Chadwick served a stint as a land labourer before volunteering as a Royal Navy pilot and serving between 1941 and 1945. On his return to London, he began to experiment with mobiles and earned a living, not unsuccessfully, as a freelance designer until 1952.
Collaboration with the architect Rodney Thomas proved a formative influence on Chadwick and from 1951 Chadwick received commissions for sculpture. He had a solo show at Gimpel Fils in 1950.
For his figures, Lynn Chadwick mainly used pieces of iron welded together, which, as mobiles, are reminiscent of Calder's work but as stabiles filled with concrete stand on long legs and resemble a cross between abstract constructs and figurative skeletal beings.
Chadwick achieved instant recognition in the 1950s when his objects were awarded numerous prizes (Venice 1956, Padua 1959, Lugano 1960) and were shown at exhibitions of international stature (1952 and 1956 Venice Biennales).
Lynn Chadwick received commissions for more monumental sculptures, gradually transforming his rough, often aggressive-looking animal figures into softer, even more sentimental compositions with anthropomorphic features. While continuing to do standing figures, Chadwick turned increasingly often to recumbent or seated pairs of figures.
At home in Lypiatt Park, Gloucestershire, Chadwick established a sculpture park of his own.
Long since a Commander of the British Empire (1964), Chadwick was also made an Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1985. Although his work was in its heyday in the 1950s, Chadwick continued to develop his figures within the context of his material idiom until the century closed.
By the time Lynn Chadwick died in Stroud, Gloucestershire on 25 April 2003, he was one of the best-known sculptors of the post-war era.
린 러셀 채드윅은 1914년 11월 24일에 런던에서 출생하였다. 사립 학교인 Merchant Taylor’s School 을 다니고 프랑스에 잠시 체류한 그는, 런던 건축가들의 수습생으로 1933년부터 1939년 까지 근무했다. 그 기간 동안 그는 데생 능력과 수채화 그리고 유화의 기술들 배우는 데 전념했다.
2차대전 당시 린 채드윅은 1941년부터 1945년까지 왕립 해군 조종사로 자원입대하여 근무하기 전에는 잠시 건축 제도가로 일하기도 했다. 종전 후 런던으로 돌아오고 나서 그는 모빌을 가지고 실험하며, 프리랜서 디자이너로서 1952까지 꽤나 성공적인 삶을 살았다.
건축가 로드니 토마스와 함께 한 콜라보레이션은 채드윅이 조형적 영감을 자주 받는다는 것을 증명하며, 1951년부터 채드윅은 조각을 위한 커미션을 받기도 한다. 그는 런던의 Gimpel Fils에서 1950년 개인전을 가졌다.
그는 주로 용접된 철제 작품을 만들어 냈는데, 이는 그의 모빌 작품들과 함께 캘더의 영향력을 강하게 추억하지만서도 스테빌은 콘크리트로 가득 차 긴 다리 위에 서있으며 이는 추상적 건축물과 조형적 뼈대의 융합을 닮기도 하였다.
채드윅은 1950년대에 수많은 상을 받으며 거의 일순간 조각가로서 인정 받는다. 1956년 베니스, 1959년 파두아, 1960년 루가노 등에서 상을 받았으며, 국제적 레벨의 전시회에서도 전시한 적 있다 (1952 그리고 1956 베니스 비엔날레).
린 채드윅은 더 많은 기념비적 조각을 위한 커미션을 받았으며, 점진적으로 그의
거칠고 사나워 보이는 동물 모양에서 더 부드럽고, 감상적인 구성을 띄기까지 하는 의인화 된 특징을 띄는 것으로 작품을 변화시켰다. 서 있는 형태의 조각을 하 는 와중에, 채드윅은 누워있거나 앉아있는 모습의 조각으로도 꽤 자주 변신을 시도하였다.
Cloucestershire 의 Lypiatt Park에 있는 사옥에 채드윅은 그 자신만의 조각 공원을 설립했다.
대영제국훈장 (1946)을 받은 후 한참 뒤인 1985년에 채드윅은 프랑스 문화부 장관 표창 (Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres)을 수여했다. 그의 작품은 1950년대에 절정기를 맞았다고 볼 수 있지만, 채드윅은 1900년대가 끝나가기 전까지 꾸준히 그의 형태들을 그의 물체적 언어의 문맥 하에서 발전시키곤 하였다.
2003년 4월 25일 린 채드윅이 Stroud, Groucestershire에서 세상을 떴을 때, 그는 이미 2차대전 후 가장 유명한 조각가 중 한 명 이었다.
Profile
Timeline
1914
Born in Barnes, UK
1933–1939
Trained as an architectural draughtsman
1941–1944
Pilot in Fleet Air Arm, Royal Navy
1947
First mobile shown at Building Trades Exhibition
1944–1949
Returned to work for architect Rodney Thomas, London
1949
Small mobile for the window of Gimpel Fils, London, as part of a mixed exhibition
1950
First one-man show at Gimpel Fils, London
1947–1952
Produced textile, furniture, and architectural designs
1953
One of the 12 semi-finalists for The Unknown Political Prisoner International Sculpture Competition
1956
Won the International Prize for Sculpture, XXVIII Biennale, Venice
1958
Moved to Lypiatt Park
1959
Won first prize, III Concorso Internazionale del Bronzetto, Padua
1961
Exhibited hors concours at VI Bienal de São Paulo, Brazil
1962
Prize winner at VII Esposizione di Bianco e Nero, Lugano
1962
Artist in residence for a term at Ontario College of Art, Toronto
1962
Took part in a sculpture project for Italsider S.p.A, Genoa with Alexander Calder and David Smith for the Festival dei Due Monde, Rome
1964
Appointed Commander, Order of the British Empire (CBE)
1965
Elected member of the Academia di San Luca, Rome
1968
Environmental sculpture for Milan Esposizione Triennale
1988
Invited by the Director of the XLIII Venice Biennale to contribute Back to Venice for a special international sculpture survey
1988
Appointed to the Order of Andres Bello, First Class, Venezuela
1993
Created Commandeur, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, France
1995
Created Associate, Academie Royale de Belgique
1995
Honorary Fellow, Cheltenham & Gloucester College of Higher Education
1998
Honorary Fellow, Bath Spa University College, Bath
2001
Elected Senior Royal Academician, Royal Academy of Arts, London
2003
Died on April 25, at Lypiatt Park, buried there in the Pinetum
2004
Awarded the Goldhill Award for Sculpture, Royal Academy of Arts
Exhibitions
2007
Lynn Chadwick: Prints and Maquettes, Gallery Pangolin, Gloucestershire (solo)
2006
Beaux Arts, London (solo)
2006
Osborne Samuel, London (solo)
2005
Celebrating Chadwick, The Museum in the Park, Gloucestershire (solo)
2004
Canary Wharf, Osborne Samuel Gallery, London (solo)
2004
Lynn Chadwick 1914 - 2003, Dexia, Luxembourg curated by Gallery Pangolin (solo)
2003
Coming from the Dark, Gallery Pangolin, Gloucestershire (solo)
2003
Tate Britain, Duveen Galleries, London (solo)
2002
Buschlen Mowatt Gallery, Palm Desert, California (solo)
2002
Tasende Gallery, Los Angeles, California (solo)
2001
Beaux Arts, London (solo)
2001
JGM Galerie, Paris (solo)
1999
Beaux Arts, London (solo)
1996
Gimpel Fils and Berkeley Square Gallery, London (solo)
1996
Symbols for ’51, The Royal Festival Hall, London
1996
Les Champs de la Sculpture, Champs Elyseés, Paris
1994
A Changing World of Sculpture from the British Council Collection, The State Museum, St Petersburg, Russia
1994
Beaux Arts, Bath (solo)
1993
Galeria Freites, Caracas (solo)
1993
The Economist Plaza, London (solo)
1992
Gallery Universe, Tokyo (solo)
1992
Galleria Blu, Milan (solo)
1992
Galerie Marbeau, Paris (solo)
1991
Marlborough Gallery, New York (solo)
1991
The Museum of Modern Art, Toyama (solo)
1991
Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefield (solo)
1990
Museo de Arte Contemporaneo Sofia Imber, Caracas (solo)
1989
Marlborough Fine Art, London (solo)
1989
Marlborough Gallery, New York (solo)
1988
Galeria Freites, Caracas (solo)
1988
Modern British Sculpture from the Collection, Tate Gallery, Liverpool
1987
Erika Meyerovich Gallery, San Francisco (solo)
1986
British Embassy, sponsored by Christie’s Contemporary Art (solo)
1986
Beaux Arts, Bath (solo)
1986
Galleria Blu, Milan (solo)
1985
Marlborough Gallery, New York (solo)
1985
Recalling the Fifties: British Painting and Sculpture 1950-60, Serpentine Gallery, London
1984
Summer Exhibition, Royal Academy of Arts, London
1984
Marlborough Fine Art, London (solo)
1983
Mercury Gallery, Edinburgh (solo)
1982
Christie’s Contemporary Art, New York (with Victor Pasmore)
1981
British Sculpture in the Twentieth Century, Whitechapel Art Gallery, London
1980
Galerie Regards, Paris (solo)
1979
Keys Gallery, Londonderry (solo)
1978
Marlborough Fine Art, London (solo)
1977
A Silver Jubilee Exhibition of Contemporary British Sculpture, Battersea Park, London
1977
Carved, Modelled, Constructed: three aspects of British 20th century sculpture, Tate Gallery, London
1975
Arte Contacto Galeria de Arte, Caracas (in collaboration with Marlborough Gallery, New York) (solo)
1975
Sculpture in Holland Park, London
1974
Marlborough Fine Art, London (solo)
1974
Jiyugaoka Gallery, Tokyo (solo)
1972
Galleria Blu, Milan (solo)
1971
Galeria Wspólczesna, Warsaw (solo)
1971
IVème Exposition Internationale de Sculpture Contemporaine, Musée Rodin, Paris
1969
Galerie Withofs, Brussels (solo)
1968
Galleria Blu, Milan (solo)
1966
Marlborough New London Gallery (solo)
1966
Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo
1965
British Sculpture in the Sixties, Tate Gallery, London
1965
Sculptures from Albert A. List Family Collection, New York Art Center
1964
Contemporary British Sculpture (Arts Council open-air touring exhibition)
1964
Exhibition of Venice Biennale Prizewinners since 1948, Galeria d’Arte Moderne, Venice
1963
Sculpture in the Open Air (London County Council exhibition), Battersea Park, London
1963
Galleria Blu, Milan (with Kenneth Armitage)
1962
Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura, Japan (with Kenneth Armitage)
1962
British Art Today, San Francisco Museum of Art, Dallas Museum of Contemporary Arts, Santa Barbara Museum of Art
1961
2ème Exposition Internationale de Sculpture Contemporaine, Musée Rodin, Paris
1961
Peter Lanyon, William Scott, Lynn Chadwick, Merlyn Evans, VI Biennale de São Paulo, Museo de Arte Moderna (solo)
1961
Marlborough Fine Art, London (solo)
1960
Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hanover (with Kenneth Armitage)
1959
John Moores Liverpool Exhibition 2, Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool
1958
50 Ans d’Art Moderne, Palais International des Beaux-Arts, Brussels
1958
Galerie Daniel Cordier, Paris (solo)
1957
Saidenberg Gallery, New York (solo)
1957
Contemporary Art – Acquisitions 1954-1957, Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York
1957
Sculpture 1850 and 1950, Holland Park, London
1956
The Seasons, Tate Gallery, London
1956
Exposition Internationale de Sculpture Contemporaine, Musée Rodin, Paris
1956
XXVIII Biennale, Venice (with Ivon Hitchens)
1955
Young British Sculptors (touring exhibition by the Arts Club of Chicago)
1955
54th London Group, Whitechapel Art Gallery, London
1954
Sculpture in the Open Air, Holland Park, London
1953
The Unknown Political Prisoner (sponsored by the Institute for Contemporary Arts), Tate Gallery, London
1953
IXème Salon de Mai, Palais de New York, Paris
1953
2ème Biennale de la Sculpture, Middelheim Park, Antwerp
1952
New Aspects of British Sculpture, XXXVI Biennale, Venice
1952
Gimpel Fils, London (solo)
1951
Festival of Britain, South Bank, London
1950
Gimpel Fils, London (solo)